SPAR PLATFORMs are large structures which are used in deep waters. Because of their large dimension, Morrison’s Equation is not suitable to estimate hydrodynamic forces on this kind of PLATFORMs. Therefore in this study wave forces and hydrodynamic coefficients of a SPAR PLATFORM have been estimated in six degree of freedom using diffraction theory. The incident wave is assumed to be harmonic and linear. Diffraction and radiation velocity potential were solved with finite difference method. The results showed that the developed model is able to estimate the wave forces and hydrodynamic coefficients on large structures considering diffraction theory with acceptable accuracy.

SPARs (or column-type offshore PLATFORMs) are a kind of common PLATFORMs in the Oil and Gas exploration industries. Nowadays due to financial and technical reasons, these PLATFORMs are one of the most usual offshore PLATFORMs, so the analysis methods of their design are rapidly being developed, improved and modified. In this research, we have evaluated the motion behavior and the response of SPARs induced by waves by means of analytical capabilities of MOSES software. MOSES is a powerful computational tool for any system which can be placed in the fluid and can cope with variety of complex and time-consuming analyses (precisely and rapidly), such as Time Domain, Frequency Domain and Coupled analyses. In this research the concept of Dynamic Instability of SPARs which hadn't been able to be evaluated completely by common types of software, have been considered and estimated by MOSES software. As well, various developed geometric hull forms (compared to simple-classical hull forms) have been considered in order to obtain the improved and better motion responses (especially at Heave response). Both Time Domain and Frequency Domain analyses have been performed, and the consistency of results confirms the accuracy. With Coupled analysis, the values of responses have decreased due to the added damping produced by simultaneous modeling of PLATFORM's hull, Mooring and Risers systems.

The combination of offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters has recently been the focus of researchers. Many types of converters have been installed on the offshore PLATFORM in the design step, and the performance of these hybrid systems has been investigated. The oscillating water column converter is one of the most favorite and commercialized systems due to its efficiency and low maintenance cost. In the present study, a new design including the array of the oscillating water column in a circular arrangement around the SPAR-type PLATFORM is considered. The coupled governing equations are solved based on the simplified analytical approach through frequency domain analysis. The results show that the increase in the number of energy converters increases the total generated power, and consequently, the converters capture the vibrational energy of the SPAR PLATFORM. Therefore, the dynamic response of the SPAR decreases in the case with an array of energy converters which is one of the main objects of this hybrid system.

The gypsum mineralization occurred in the form of Satin SPAR and Selenite in the south and southwest of the Fars province in the folded Zagros zone. In this region, Satin SPAR mineralization has been formed as stratiform between the red marl and siltstone units of Late Miocene– Pliocene in Agha Jari, Bakhtiari, and the Gachsaran formations. The reserves of Satin SPAR in this area are at least 200, 000 tons. Satin SPAR due to its chatoyancy, has been able to distinguish itself from gypsum. This beautiful light phenomenon (chatoyancy) results from the regular and parallel arrangement of the Satin SPAR fibers. The mineral was first identified by its physical properties, and then by the X-ray diffraction analysis. They were also examined by scanning electron microscopy for its structure and also the structure of fiber crystals and their optical properties. In order to examine the polishing condition of Satin SPAR, several samples of this gemstone were also selected for fantasy and Cabochon cut. For the first time in Iran, the exploration of Satin SPAR gemstone in the Fars region can be a model for its discovery in the other evaporative formations in the country.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of semantic web technologies in semantic modeling and representation of scholarly publications (such as articles, books, dissertations, etc. ), which is known as "Semantic Publishing. " Method: This descriptive study was conducted using the documentary method. The "SPAR ontologies" (Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies) were created to describe all aspects of the publishing area. To conduct the research, the website of each of SPAR ontologies and some other related resources were examined. Findings: The SPAR Ontologies are a set of complementary ontologies for the creation of comprehensive machine-readable RDF metadata for every aspect of semantic publishing; including describing the bibliographic information of different types of resources and their parts and components, different types of citations and bibliographic references of scholarly publications, publishing workflow processes (such as roles of agents in the publication process, various types of scientific contributions, different statuses of documents, etc. ), and also metrics and statics for bibliographic resources (such as impact factor, h-index, etc. ). The SPAR ontologies can be divided into four groups, including ontologies for describing the bibliographic information of different types of resources and their parts (i. e., DoCO، DataCite، FaBiO، DEO, & FRBR-DL), ontologies for describing citations of scholarly resources (i. e., BiRO، CiTO, & C4O), ontologies for describing the publishing workflow (i. e., PSO، PRO، SCoRO، PWO، FRAPO, & FR), and ontologies for describing metrics and statics for bibliographic resources (i. e., BiDO, & FiveStars. ( Conclusion: Significant developments in semantic publishing, including changing the way of publishing and sharing research data, improving search capabilities, the possibility of more interaction with users, creating intelligent interfaces and semantic web reasoners, etc., reveals the need for more attention to this area by bibliographic data centers and scientific and research institutes. The use of semantic web languages such as RDF, RDFS, OWL, and SPARQL, to help analyze, process, and interpret scholarly data, makes it possible to increase visibility, discover unknown links between works, find related research, and more. The SPAR ontologies provide the possibility of structuring information related to scholarly publications and the opportunity of describing and semantically representing various dimensions of the publishing area. The relations between semantic publishing and scientometric studies, research data management, evaluation and ranking of journals, reviewing articles, etc., will open new horizons in Knowledge and Information Science studies, and achieving this by relying on semantic web technologies can solve some of the current challenges and problems. Lack of attention to semantic publishing in domestic researches and also the lack of researches that uses SPAR ontologies for semantic modeling and representation of scholarly publications in the Persian language requires more attention and focus on this area.

Background and Objective: Pipeline inspection gauge operation which is called “ pigging operation” is a practical online monitoring method for maintaining the pipeline in a healthy and safe condition. This operation requires high man-machine interactions. Therefore, it is sensitive to human error which can lead to catastrophic consequences, including human mortality. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out to assess the probability of human error in pigging operation in a gas transmission plant in Iran. Initially, hierarchical task analysis was conducted via walking through the pigging operation, observing the pigging operation tasks, and doing interviews with operators working in the operation. Subsequently, the Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) was utilized to assess the human error probability. Results: In this study, SPAR-H method was implemented on “ pigging operation” . The mean value of human error probability (HEP) was estimated at 0. 218. It should be noted that the mean value of HEP was regarded as a subtask of “ opening bypass valve for decreasing pressure” , as well as a subtask with the highest probability of human error (0. 841). Conclusion: The SPAR-H method is a useful tool for practitioners to assess HEP. According to the obtained results, some of the preventive actions to reduce HEP include the utilization of more clarified instructions for performing operations as well as the automation of the launching and receiving pigging cups.